How To Paint A Concrete Floor – Preparation Is Key

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

Painting a concrete floor is a worthwhile DIY project that can transform a dull space into an amazing area. Whether you’re revamping your garage floor or refreshing your patio, the right approach to paint concrete floors ensures a durable and visually appealing finish. Follow this comprehensive guide to learn the best practices for painting concrete floors, from preparation to the finishing touches.

We also have a great article on epoxy bathroom floors.

Introduction

Painting your concrete floor is an excellent way to refresh your space, be it a garage, basement, or an outdoor patio. With the right tools and techniques, even those with minimal experience can achieve a smooth, durable finish.

The TL;DR version can be viewed through this Bunnings DIY video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpL7t7MDhMM

Materials Needed

To start your painting project, gather all the must-have supplies to ensure a smooth process:

  • Acrylic latex concrete paint and patio floor paint: Choose high-quality paint designed for concrete surfaces.
  • Primer: A concrete primer is essential for ensuring paint adhesion.
  • Putty knife, wire brush, and paint stripper: For removing old paint and smoothing surfaces.
  • Roller, roller covers, and paint tray: For applying paint and primer.
  • Painter’s tape: To protect edges and corners.
  • Bucket, sponge, and dish soap: For cleaning the floor.
  • Hand sander or sandpaper: For sanding rough areas.

These supplies are specifically chosen for their effectiveness on concrete flooring, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right materials for concrete surfaces.

Preparation of the Concrete Floor

Proper preparation is important for a successful paint job on concrete floors. Removing all the old paint (if any), including leftover paint or paint stains, is essential for achieving a smooth concrete surface. This step ensures that the floor is free of imperfections that could affect the final appearance. Sanding down high spots not only helps in eliminating any remaining paint but also aims to create an even concrete surface that’s ideal for painting.

Cleaning and Repairing

  1. Remove Dirt and Debris: Use a vacuum to clean the floor thoroughly. For stubborn dirt or stains, use a bucket with warm water and dish soap to scrub the surface.
  2. Strip Old Paint: If there’s peeling or flaking paint, use a paint stripper and a putty knife to remove it.
  3. Sanding & Grinding: Rough areas should be sanded or ground down to create a smooth surface. Depending on how rough your floor is, you can hire concrete grinders and sander from hire outlets like Kennards or Coates.
  4. Repair Cracks and Holes: Fill any cracks or holes with a cement filler. Use a putty knife to smooth the filler and ensure it’s level with the floor.

Moisture Test

Before applying new paint, conduct a moisture test. Tape a plastic sheet to the floor and leave it for 24 hours. If condensation forms underneath, the concrete has too much moisture for painting.

Applying Primer

Priming is essential for a long-lasting paint job. It helps the paint adhere better and last longer.

Primer Application

  1. Apply Masonry Sealer: If needed, apply a masonry sealer with a roller to block moisture.
  2. Priming: Apply a concrete primer using a roller. Start from the far corner of the room and work towards the door. Allow the primer to dry completely according to the application instructions.

Painting Concrete Floors Process

The main task of your project is the painting process. Use a roller for the best results, and follow these steps for applying acrylic latex concrete paint. For those considering an alternative finish, concrete stain might be an appealing option. Acid-based stains penetrate the concrete, offering longer-lasting coverage with a unique appearance, though they may result in some streaking and unevenness. In contrast, painting concrete provides a more uniform and richly colored finish but may not be as durable over time.

a person painting a concrete floor first coat

Base Coat

  1. First Coat: Pour the paint into a paint tray. Begin at the farthest corner of the room and use a roller to apply a thin, even coat. Use painter’s tape to protect walls and corners.
  2. Let the First Coat Dry: Allow the first coat to dry completely. This can take several hours, depending on air circulation and humidity.

Second Coat

  1. Apply the Second Coat: After the first coat is dry, apply the second coat. This ensures a durable and opaque finish.
  2. Dry Completely: Let the second coat dry completely, which can be time-consuming but is essential for a durable finish.

Finishing Touches

Applying Concrete Floor Sealer

After the paint has dried, apply a concrete sealer. This will protect your painted floor from moisture, stains, and wear, especially in high traffic areas.

  1. Sealer Application: Use a clean roller to apply the sealer. Start from the back of the room and work towards the entrance.
  2. Let the Sealer Dry: Allow ample time for the sealer to dry. Avoid walking on the floor until the sealer is completely dry.

Maintenance and Care

To maintain your newly painted concrete floor, regular cleaning and occasional touch-ups are necessary.

  • Regular Cleaning: Sweep the floor regularly and mop with a gentle cleaner.
  • Occasional Touch-Ups: For scratches or peeling, apply a small amount of paint to the affected area.

Final Points

Painting a concrete floor can significantly improve the appearance of your space. With the right preparation, materials, and techniques, you can achieve a professional-quality finish that is both beautiful and durable. Remember to allow each layer to dry completely and follow all application instructions for the best results.

AFL footballer Sam Powell-Pepper

Mayfair Building Group Now Sponsors Port Adelaide Sam Powell-Pepper

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

We are excited to let everyone know the Mayfair Building Group now sponsor Sam Powell-Pepper of the Port Power AFL Football Club.

At Mayfair we believe in the same vision that has made the Port Adelaide brand a household name, and one of the most successful state and national clubs in the history of football in Australia.

About Sam Powell-Pepper

Sam Powell-Pepper, born on January 8, 1998, in Perth, Western Australia, is a notable Australian Rules Footballer playing for the Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Standing at 187 cm and weighing 96 kg, Powell-Pepper has built a reputation as a formidable midfielder/forward, known for his high-pressure play and ability to create devastating bursts with the ball in hand. His AFL journey began when he was drafted by Port Adelaide with the 18th pick in the 2016 National Draft, making his debut in the first round of the 2017 season​​.

Powell-Pepper’s early life was marked by resilience. Raised in a family with mixed heritage—his mother is of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent and his father is Caucasian—he experienced the challenges of his parents’ separation at a young age, living with various family members throughout his childhood. This background has contributed to his tough, never-give-up attitude on the field​​.

Throughout his career, Powell-Pepper has faced challenges both on and off the field but has emerged as a better person from these experiences. He has acknowledged the pressures and tests that come with pursuing a professional AFL career, emphasising the importance of confidence, support, and the mentorship of senior coach Ken Hinkley at Port Adelaide​​.

2018 and 2020 marked significant years for Powell-Pepper, as he was named in the AFLPA under 22 squad, showcasing his talents among the league’s best young players. His debut season in 2017 was particularly notable, earning him a Rising Star nomination in round 1. He also received the Gavin Wanganeen Medal in 2017, highlighting his outstanding contributions to the team​​.

Beyond his achievements on the field, Powell-Pepper’s life off the field has seen significant personal growth, particularly with the birth of his daughter, Frankie Rose, in March 2022. Becoming a father has had a profound impact on his life, providing him with a newfound purpose and perspective that has positively influenced his approach to football and life in general​​.

Sam Powell-Pepper’s journey from a challenging childhood to becoming a key player for Port Adelaide and a dedicated father is a testament to his resilience, talent, and personal growth. His story is not just about his achievements in AFL but also about his development as a person, making him a respected figure both within and outside the sports community.

 

new shop fit out in Adelaide

Shop Fit Out & Renovation For Mavericks Dog Grooming Adelaide

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

We recently wrapped up a shop fit out and renovation project for the newly opened Mavericks Dog Grooming in Hazelwood Park, Adelaide.

The project included a complete epoxy floor installation.

Where is Mavericks Dog Grooming Located?

Photos Of The Project

We complete the project over the Christmas and New Year break was the shop fit-out of Mavericks Dog Grooming in Hazelwood Park.

We met the client in November 2023 for the initial site visit and quotation. The objective was to get the job done over the Christmas period and have the dog salon operational for the early weeks of January 2024.

Tasks were performed in this order:

Flooring

The original floor coverings in the tenancy were high gloss white tiles. When these tiles are wet, they become very slippery and create an OHS issue. We suggested the customer use a product from Dulux to coat the floors. The product is a 2-part epoxy coating system that can be tinted to a wide variety of colours.

In this case, we used a colour called Paw Paw Green. Once the product has time to cure it can be driven on etc, so it is very durable. There are 3 stages to applying this product successfully. Firstly, the floor must be 100% clean. To achieve this, we used a vacuum and then went over the entire area with thinners.

Next is to apply a two-part primer. This is applied with a short nap roller and a brush for the edges. Once completed this needs 24 hour to cure in a well-ventilated room. The next day we started with the first coat of colour. It is also a two-part epoxy kit that is applied in the same method as the primer and requires similar curing times.

Once it has cured a second coat is applied. In the ideal world, a 3 rd cost could also be applied if desired. From here Dulux recommend a 7-day curing period before any vehicular traffic etc can be introduced. After a couple of days light foot traffic is ok.

Separating the washing room from the grooming room to control noise and dog fur flying everywhere we were asked to separate the washing area of the shop from the grooming and reception areas. The stud wall was created out of 90mm x 35mm timber members (non-treated). The wall was then insulated using Bradford gold wall batts R2.5.

The idea behind using the wall batts is firstly they will control the temperature transfer from one room to another and secondly add acoustic characteristics. Once the wall was insulated, we used CSR Gyprock Aqua Chek 10mm Gyprock on the washing side of the room and 10mm Gyprock wall sheets on the other side of the wall. The Aqua Chek sheets are designed to be used in bathrooms, laundries and protected outdoor ceilings, so\ using these inside the washing room is a good solution.

A new opening for an 820mm x 2040mm door from Hume’s was created using a passage set of handles from Gainsborough. Our team then began the flushing and sanding process of the new Gyprock installation before the painting could be completed.

Keeping Dogs Secure

At the front of the shop between the reception counter and the grooming area, we installed pool fencing with a gate (auto closer). The black tubular fencing is designed as a safety device in case a dog does accidentally get off the lead while being groomed it cannot escape and potentially run out to Greenhill Road.

Heating and Cooling

To keep the dog salon at a constant temperature for the dogs and workers we installed 2 new air conditioning systems. At the rear of the shop in the dog washing area, we installed a 5.2KW Kelvinator air conditioner. In the dog grooming area, we installed a Gree 7.1KW reverse cycle air conditioner. Both systems work fantastically and keep both rooms at a constant 22 degrees all day long.

Plumbing and Electrical

The services side of things was not too involved and the majority of this was in the back of the house for the dog washing and cleaning of towels and floors processes. A new gas-fired hot water service was installed outside. The Rinnai B20 will deliver a continuous flow of hot water day in and out to keep the dogs clean.

A local plumbing and electrical company were engaged for this called Mayfair Plumbing. They are in Burnside and were able to fit this job over the Christmas break which was another great result.

Acoustics

The acoustics of the room had to be addressed. We were asked to assist with the echo of the room and help keep the sound down if a dog was starting to bark. The epoxy flooring had already reduced some of the noise, but we knew more could be done from previous jobs and shop fit-outs completed in Adelaide.

We purchased some acoustic felt pads to install on the walls from Bunnings Mile End. The acoustic panels are designed to be seen and come in all different colours. In this case, we purchased some light grey panels (white would get too dirty and the light grey blends in). The panels are 2m x 1.5m and get stuck about halfway up the wall. Using 3 panels on each wall immediately took the sting out of the echo and
gave our customer a great result.

Final Hand Over

Once all the building works were completed over a short two-week period, we handed the salon back over to the client for the final fit out which involved setting up hydraulic lifting tables for the dogs to be dried and groomed on, shelving units, computer, front desk, wall decorations and other bits and pieces.

Mavericks Dog Grooming has now been operating for a month since the fit-out was completed by
our team of expert builders.

a completed epoxy floor with flakes

How to Epoxy Garage Floor Like a Pro – Simple DIY Steps

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

In this article we look at the process of how to epoxy garage floor with a focus on straightforward, achievable steps. You’ll learn what tools and materials are required, how to prepare the concrete, and the key techniques for application.

Be sure to check out our article on epoxy bathroom floors.

Points Of Note

  • Epoxy garage floors offer superior durability, resistance to chemicals, stain and moisture, as well as enhanced aesthetic appeal with various colours and finishes.
  • Proper preparation is key, requiring thorough cleaning, degreasing, and etching of the concrete surface, while ensuring personal safety with the use of protective equipment.
  • DIY epoxy application involves assessing the floor condition, repairing imperfections, accurately mixing and evenly applying the epoxy, and allowing a sufficient curing time of around 7 days.

Below is an informative from Bunnings video of you’d rather note read the full article.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpyIoxgdIBg

The Positives of Epoxy Garage Floors

Epoxy garage floor with professional finish

One of the key advantages of using epoxy for garage floors, as opposed to concrete flooring, is their strength and resilience. These floors are highly resistant to damage from vehicles, machinery and spills containing chemicals. They have properties that make them resistant to stains and moisture making them an ideal choice for garages which may be prone to various types of spillage.

Aside from practical purposes, epoxy floors can greatly enhance the visual appeal of a garage space. With numerous colour options available along with different finishes such as glossy or matte surfaces, you can personalise your floor according to your unique style preferences. The smooth finish achieved by applying an epoxy coating on top gives off a professional look transforming any ordinary storage area into something more refined.

Preparing for Your DIY Epoxy Garage Floor Project

Before beginning the application of epoxy coating, it ‘s important to consider all the required materials and tools. These include: epoxy paint, TSP cleaner and degreaser, concrete etching solution, primer and polyurethane for preparation. As well as xylene solvent, epoxy flakes with pigments for colour options. And various tools like a vacuum or power washer along with scrub brush & roller.

There are also a number of off the shelf options available in Australia. An example of a product that is becoming quite popular is UCoat.

Safety measures should always be prioritised in any DIY project involving handling of chemicals such as epoxy resin during the coating process. It’s highly recommended to use safety glasses/goggles equipped with side shields while working on this type of projects for protection against potential eye injuries caused by dust particles/mist formation. Respiratory masks are also advised since they can prevent inhalation hazards associated with painting indoors.

In addition,care must be taken to protect hands using protective gloves from Epoxy Resin specifically. The selected devices could effectively minimise user exposure risks occurring throughout entire work duration.

Assessing Your Garage Floor’s Condition

It is important to evaluate the condition of your garage floor before beginning any epoxy application. Be on the lookout for indications such as existing coatings, including stubborn discoloration and stains that cannot be removed through scrubbing. Damage in the form of chipping, peeling, flaking or pitting. And discoloured concrete surfaces.

There are various types of coatings commonly found on garage floors. These may include oil-based paint, latex-based paint, epoxy floor coatings, and polyurethane.

Cleaning and Prepping the Concrete Surface

preparing and cleaning a floor

Preparing your garage floor properly is a vital step before applying an epoxy coating. This involves several key tasks such as clearing the area, degreasing the surface and etching the concrete for optimal adhesion. These steps are essential to ensure a smooth and even finish of the final epoxy layer on your garage floor.

Clearing the Garage Space

To prepare for your epoxy project, the first step is to clear out your garage. This means removing all items from both the floor and the space itself, so that you have a clean area to work with. In order to efficiently organise and de-clutter your garage, it’s important to install open shelving units and categorise belongings for easier access.

Safety should be top priority when clearing out a garage for an epoxy project. Here are some guidelines:

  1. Sweep or vacuum thoroughly in order to remove any debris.
  2. Use warm water mixed with mild detergent while cleaning.
  3. Make sure there is proper ventilation in the workspace.
  4. Keep children and pets away during this process.
  5. For tougher stains or dirt, use gentle soap as needed.

Degreasing the Floor

Before applying epoxy, it is important to eliminate any typical oil and grease blemishes from garage floors. This can be accomplished with the use of a degreaser.

For safety purposes, make sure to wear proper protective gear such as gloves, face shields and goggles when using the degreaser in order to protect yourself against chemical splashes or fumes. Avoid mixing different cleaning products together as this could potentially result in harmful reactions.

Etching the Concrete Surface

The next step in preparing the concrete slab is to etch its surface after it has been degreased. Etching creates a rough and porous texture, which promotes better adhesion of epoxy to the concrete and ensures a durable bond.

To safely apply the etching solution according to manufacturer’s instructions, certain precautions should be taken into consideration.

  • Avoid any direct contact between skin or eyes with the etching solution.
  • Wear proper protective gear like safety glasses and work gloves.
  • Use appropriate face masks while applying as dust may occur.
  • Take necessary measures for protecting surrounding areas from exposure to the strong etching solution.

Repairing Cracks and Imperfections

Before applying epoxy, it is important to repair any cracks and imperfections on your garage floor. There are numerous products on the market to fill small crack or lines in concrete.

Once the repairs have been made, it is recommended to smooth out the surface for optimal results. You can achieve this by hand sanding with 80-100 grit sandpaper or using higher grade (200-400 grit) paper for a super smooth finish. For larger areas or very rough surfaces, you may even need to use a concrete grinder.

These are generally quilte expensive to purchase, so your best option is likely to hire from Kennards or Coastes for example.

Mixing and Applying the Epoxy Coating

epoxy flooring resin being mixed

With the garage floor properly prepped, it is now time to mix and administer the epoxy coating. This step demands careful attention in order to achieve an even application of the epoxy for optimal results on your garage floor.

Mixing the Epoxy Components

The initial step in this process involves combining the components of epoxy. For garage floors, it is advised to follow a mix ratio of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 or 5:1 when mixing resin and hardener. The end result may vary depending on individual preferences and product used as websites often rely on cookies and data to personalise content and ads.

To ensure a more comprehensive blend, using a variable-speed drill with a mixing blade is recommended although hand-mixing can also be done. It is suggested to mix the epoxy resin and hardener for at least three-four minutes until all components are uniformly combined.

 

Applying the Epoxy Coating

When it’s time to start applying epoxy coatings on the garage floor, make sure that you have mixed all the components together thoroughly as above or to the manufacturers instructions.. To begin with, use a brush to spread the mixture along edges and corners of your garage flooring.

You may need to tape the edges first so you don’t end of getting the resin on the walls or skirts.

Next step is using a roller for larger surface areas while evenly spreading thin layers at once. While doing so in smaller sections would ensure perfect coverage and proper adhesion across every part of your floor. Don’t forget to keep an eye on layer thickness and make sure there are no uneven spots when you apply the epoxy coating.

Enhancing Your Epoxy Floor with Colour Flakes

Adding colour flakes to epoxy floor

To add a personalised touch and camouflage any remaining flaws on your epoxy floor, consider incorporating colour flakes. These versatile elements are available in various shades to complement the style and ambience of your garage.

For optimal results, it is recommended to sprinkle the coloured flakes onto the wet and adhesive epoxy surface. This guarantees strong adhesion as well as a consistent appearance. The amount of flakes used can be adjusted according to desired coverage level for an even finish.

Curing Time and Post-Application Care

The curing process for epoxy garage floors, which involves applying both the epoxy and colour flakes, typically takes about a week. This time frame allows for adequate setting and hardening of the coating before it is safe to walk on.

There are various factors that can affect the duration of this cure period, such as type of product used and environmental conditions like temperature and humidity. For those in need of a quicker turnaround time, methods like using heat sources (e.g. hair dryer) or maintaining warmer temperatures may help expedite the process.

DIY vs. Hiring a Professional: Weighing the Pros and Cons

Deciding between tackling a DIY project or hiring a professional is an important factor to consider when it comes to garage floor coatings. While the cost for DIY epoxy garage floor coatings can be relatively low, typically under $2000 depending on the size, opting for a professional installation may set you back around $5500 or more, again depending on the size. Generally cost we will be determined by the squares metres to be covered.

It should be noted that choosing to have your epoxy floors installed by professionals often results in thicker and higher quality finishes compared to those achieved with standard DIY kits. Professionals possess expertise that allows them avoid common mistakes made during do-it-yourself projects such as improper preparation of the surface, incorrect mixing of epoxies and overlooking factors like temperature and humidity conditions.

Final Notes

To summarise, applying an epoxy coating to your garage floor can completely transform its appearance and functionality. This type of coating offers a long-lasting, resistant surface that is both visually pleasing and able to withstand the wear and tear of everyday use. While proper preparation is crucial for success in this project, whether you opt to tackle it yourself or hire a professional, the end result will be a durable and attractive garage floor that meets all your needs.

Popular Questions

Can I epoxy my garage floor myself?

Applying epoxy to your garage floor can be done by yourself with some dedication and willingness to learn. It is a suitable DIY project, even for those who have little experience. The process involves using epoxy on the floor of your garage and requires patience and time, but yields great results.

How do I prepare my garage floor for epoxy?

Before applying epoxy to your garage floor, it is important to properly prepare the surface. Start by clearing out all items from the floor and giving it a thorough cleaning. Next, use diamond grinding or shot blasting techniques to create texture on the concrete for better adhesion of the epoxy.

Once that step is completed, check for any cracks in the concrete and fill them before proceeding with application. Allow enough time for proper drying of both filling material and concrete prior to starting with layering epoxy onto your garage floor.

Is it worth putting epoxy on garage floor?

Using epoxy coatings on your garage floor is a worthwhile decision as it can effectively prolong the lifespan of your concrete flooring and enhance its strength, making it a valuable investment for any garage. There are various options of epoxy coatings available in terms of cost and durability to suit different needs.

There is no denying that adding an extra layer of protection through epoxy will greatly benefit the longevity and sturdiness of your garage’s concrete floor. You have plenty of choices when it comes to selecting an appropriate type of coating depending on your needs.

What is the downside to epoxy garage?

One drawback of using epoxy for garage floors is that they can become extremely slippery when coated with oil, which may pose a safety hazard. Areas where spills or water buildup occur frequently are not suitable for this type of flooring and it would be less ideal to use in garages as a result. It’s also can be more expensive than other coverings, and certainly more than raw concrete.

What is the recommended time for the epoxy coating on my garage floor to cure before walking on it?

It is suggested to give the epoxy coating on your garage floor about a week to dry before stepping or driving on it. This will allow sufficient time for the epoxy to fully cure and ensure its durability.

finished epoxy floor in Adelaide

Revamp Your Space: The Ultimate Guide to Epoxy Bathroom Floor Installation & Care

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

Are you considering an epoxy bathroom floor for its toughness and design freedom? This guide provides clear, no-nonsense insights on the benefits, installation, and upkeep of epoxy flooring.

Learn about its superior water resistance, design versatility, ease of cleaning, and how you can achieve this modern flooring in your own bathroom. Also see our article on garage epoxy floors.

Also see our article on paining concrete floors.

Main Points To Note

  • Epoxy bathroom flooring offers durability, resistance to moisture and chemicals, easy maintenance, and design flexibility, allowing for a range of colours, patterns, and finishes.
  • Proper floor preparation is crucial for successful epoxy flooring installation, requiring assessment of the existing surface and thorough cleaning and roughening for optimal epoxy adhesion.
  • Ongoing care for epoxy flooring is straightforward, involving regular cleaning with mild solutions, addressing minor repairs promptly, and considering potential long-term savings due to its durability and low maintenance needs.

Why Choose Epoxy Flooring for Your Bathroom?

Epoxy bathroom floor with seamless and grout-free surface

Epoxy is becoming a go-to flooring option for bathrooms due to the range of advantages it offers. It not only looks great, but can also be used in residential and commercial spaces alike. Its strength makes maintenance easy while offering an abundance of design possibilities too, creating seamless finishes perfect for any setting. Epoxy coatings give added protection against wear and tear as well as extending the lifespan of your bathroom’s flooring system significantly.

Durability and Resistance

Epoxy flooring stands head and shoulders above the rest when it comes to durability, as well as its resistance. Its remarkable strength is what makes epoxy a top pick for bathrooms that will be under considerable use regularly.

Showers taken multiple times daily or occasional liquid spills are handled with ease by this type of flooring solution. It also has superb immunity against various chemical compounds including common household cleaning products and urine – making it ideal in wet areas such as bathrooms due to its impermeable surface against water damage caused by moisture buildup other floors (for example near drains) may warp/discolour easily against.

Easy Maintenance and Cleaning

The incredible durability and resistance offered by epoxy flooring, as well as its low maintenance requirements, have made it a popular choice for bathroom floors. Its seamless surface ensures there are no grout lines where dirt or mold can accumulate– something that is common with tiled floors.

The glossy finish of this type of floor makes dirt and stains clearly visible so they can be addressed quickly. Basic cleaning involves using warm water mixed in detergent every two to four weeks together with immediate action against spills, much simpler than scrubbing constantly like some other types of surfaces would require! This ease-of-use turns maintaining your bathroom’s epoxy floor from a chore into an enjoyable task.

Customisation and Design Flexibility

Epoxy flooring offers not just practicality, but it’s also an effective way to make a bathroom that suits your style. With all of the different shades, patterns and finishes available, you can find something unique for yourself. Achieve a luxurious finish with its mirror-like shine or fashion intricate designs, anything is achievable!

You even have access to getting marble/granite looks at an affordable price point compared to installing real materials. Epoxy allows you full control in creating the ideal restroom which meets both needs: visually pleasing yet still functional space that serves its purpose best while standing out from the rest as uniquely yours.

Preparing for Epoxy Floor Installation

It is necessary to review the installation process of epoxy flooring for bathrooms as it presents notable benefits. This involves an in-depth twofold preparation – evaluating existing tiles and substrate, then readying the surface suitable for a successful application of epoxy coating. Inspections should be conducted on both materials.

Any rough or unglased surfaces must also undergo cleaning before grinding the concrete if desired. As far as prepping goes, this includes thorough cleansing followed by making sure that adhesion can take place between covering and ground correctly through roughening up said surface accordingly.

Assessing Existing Tiles and Substrate

The installation process of an epoxy floor begins with a thorough assessment of the existing tiles and surface. This helps ensure successful adhesion for long-term performance, by making sure there is no roughness, unglased areas or chipping in any parts that could disrupt it. Not thoroughly assessing these factors can cause issues such as inadequate adherence, cracking and even total failure, all resulting from not inspecting properly beforehand.

Having proper preparation to guarantee success is essential when fitting your epoxy flooring so everything sticks correctly together without Damages being caused along its lifespan.

Surface Preparation

Surface preparation is an integral step after evaluating the state of existing tiles and substrates. This requires cleaning as well as creating texture on the surface for strong adhesion to be achieved with epoxy resin application.

Grinders, hoses, vacuums, and crack fillers will need to be used during this process which entails sanding at 80-grit paper level in order for ideal bonding between floor coating and epoxy sealing agent. Achieving a satisfactory roughness is key if one wishes to ensure that their chosen curing compound efficiently sticks onto it without any issues down the line.

Step-by-Step Guide to Installing Epoxy Flooring in Bathrooms

After completing the preparation phase, you can move on to installing epoxy flooring. This process consists of numerous steps which involve applying a primer onto the surface so that the resin holds firmly and then mixing together both components, hardener and resin. Once done with this step, it is time for final touches such as a top coat plus any decorative details or anti-slip additives if needed.

By following these easy instructions one should be able to complete installation of their beautiful new epoxy flooring without difficulty!

Primer Application

The installation process of a bathroom floor begins with the application of an epoxy primer. This is essential to establish a secure link between the surface and the resin. It should be spread evenly across the space for optimal results. An 18 cm coat roller is recommended to apply approximately 150-200 grams per square metre. Leave at least 24 hours before progressing to any Steps in this venture.

A smooth layer must then be created from applying this epoxy, which will adhere correctly when mixed into its corresponding resin before being applied to your chosen bathroom area’s floorspace.

Mixing and Applying Epoxy Resin

Once the epoxy resin and hardener have been mixed, it is time to apply a coat of the material onto the floor. According to manufacturer instructions, two parts resin should be combined with one part hardener for an even finish when using a roller. The following process must take place in order to achieve this: First mix together according to directions given by producer.

Then spread evenly over surface smoothly using said tools before letting dry completely (about 12 hours). After proper curing takes effect on bathroom floors covered in epoxy coating, they are ready for light use.

Top Coat and Finishing Touches

The final step in the installation process of an epoxy floor involves adding a top coat and any desired aesthetic elements. This layer enhances the surface’s thickness and durability, as well as ensuring that all prior layers have set properly before applying it. After application, one should allow 12 hours for it to dry up fully before putting on another coating.

Possible touches may include special bathroom tiles or anti-slip additives such as shark grip powder or silica sand which can be included within the epoxy for extra safety during wet conditions in bathrooms. Decorative add-ons will lend additional charm to your bathroom floors thus giving them added beauty.

 

Ensuring Safety with Slip-Resistant Epoxy Floors

Slip-resistant epoxy bathroom floor for safety in wet areas

Having a slip-resistant bathroom floor is essential to ensuring safety when it comes to bathrooms, as they are more prone than other areas of the home to becoming slippery. To ensure this resistance, you’ll need an epoxy system with a high rating and incorporate materials such as aluminum oxide or silica sand into the installation process during its curing stage.

During your epoxy bathroom’s construction phase, anti-slip additives should be integrated in order for your flooring to remain resistant throughout usage over time. By taking all these precautions one can rest assured that their floors will have been made safe resistible against slipping accidents due to water presence in bathrooms!

Adding Anti-Slip Additives

Adding anti-slip elements, such as silica sand or rubber granules, to your epoxy coating for wet areas like the bathroom can enhance its safety. This could involve approximately 1.5 pounds of non-skid additive per 500 square foot area and varies depending on size and type of flooring being coated with epoxy.

The approach used when applying these additives may differ depending on the kind included. One example is sprinkling it over a wet surface which must remain untouched up to 48 – 72 hours after application in order to let the additive cure fully into place creating an efficient slip resistant result that doesn’t compromise your floors functionality or longevity.

Selecting the Right Epoxy System

For a safe and long-lasting bathroom floor, selecting the appropriate epoxy system is vital. Slip resistance should be taken into account due to potential wet conditions in this room.

The proper system must possess an elevated slip rating for safety purposes as well as durability able to withstand heavy use without wear or tear. Aesthetic considerations can also accompany it so that your chosen look matches your bathroom’s style. Water-, stain-, and chemical-resistance are necessary components of any ideal epoxy set up, facilitating ease of maintenance over time.

Caring for Your Epoxy Bathroom Floor

After the installation of your epoxy bathroom floor is complete and ready for use, it’s important to take proper care of it in order to maximise its longevity. A regular cleaning routine with a mild cleaner combined with warm water usually suffices when maintaining an epoxy floor. Tackling any minor damages or repairs quickly can help prevent Issues from cropping up later on. Proper maintenance should extend the life-span of your floors while keeping them looking pristine and new!

Routine Cleaning and Maintenance

For your epoxy bathroom floor to maintain its shine and long lifespan, regular cleaning and maintenance are key. Here’s what you should do: use a mild cleaner mixed with warm water for wiping the surface and rinse off. Dry up completely before mopping twice a week as part of routine upkeep, also conducting an extensive scrubbing every 7 days is recommended too. To preserve that shine of the epoxy bathroom floors, suggested solutions include using diluted ammonia for regular cleansing plus periodic application of polymer glaze coats or wax polishes approved by professionals on it’s upper layer. These tips will help keep your lovely bathrooms looking great for years!

Addressing Minor Damage and Repairs

The robustness of epoxy and concrete floors make them a great choice for bathrooms. Over time, some minor damage might be caused. These can range from thinning of the coating to chips or cracks appearing. It’s important that these matters are addressed immediately in order to ensure the quality does not deteriorate further.

Through sanding off an area which has become damaged it is possible often restore it with another coat of epoxy covering it up again. Similarly, compounds can be used if smaller chipping or fissures have occurred. To get ahead on any potential problems developing, you should keep an eye out every couple of months by checking your bathroom floor carefully for such issues.

Cost Considerations for Epoxy Bathroom Flooring

Cost considerations for epoxy bathroom flooring

Once we have looked at the many advantages and how to install epoxy bathroom flooring, it is important to assess its cost. Installing such a type of covering for your bathroom entails some expenditure, both in terms of material expenses as well as labor charges. It also has long-term benefits due to low maintenance needs and longevity, which leads to savings over time.

Different factors can determine the final expense when considering an installation with epoxy floors. These include qualities of materials used, complexity surrounding fitting processes, and size constraints within the washroom area itself. All these relate specifically to what gets bought (epoxy), labor price tags plus complexities around installing this kind of surface finish inside bathrooms. In summary, materials needed, specialist skills required all play their part in calculating overall costs entailed by providing epoxy flooring to bathrooms along with those of repeated words: durability & maintenance ease!

Material and Labor Costs

The cost of epoxy flooring depends mainly on the materials and labor required for installation. The price of the material varies according to its quality, whereas labor costs can be more expensive if there is a complex bathroom layout or intricate patterns that need to be worked with over multiple rooms. Normally, it will cost around $30-$35 per square meter when two coats are applied to an existing concrete surface.

Long-Term Value and Savings

Epoxy floors have upfront costs, but their long-term value and potential savings should not be overlooked. Known for its durability – with a life expectancy ranging from 5 to 20 years – this type of flooring is much more reliable than other alternatives over time, bringing cost benefits in the future. Low maintenance requirements also mean that you won’t need special solutions or extensive upkeep on your epoxy floors, making it an economical option overall as well as saving valuable time when cleaning them up. Not only do these attractive surfaces enhance any home’s aesthetic appeal. They can actually increase its worth too: another great reason to invest in durable epoxy flooring!

Summary

Epoxy flooring is a practical choice for bathrooms and its advantages are undeniable – from the fact that it has remarkable durability to needing minimal maintenance, along with providing versatility in design. Its installation process needs proper preparation as well as professional handling. Taking into consideration its long-term value and affordability, epoxy floors are an affordable investment overall. So if you’re looking at giving your bathroom a new look or revamping the existing one, take into account how efficient and cost effective epoxy floorings can be!

Popular Questions

Below you can read some of the common questions we get asked about this topic.

Is epoxy good for bathroom floor?

Epoxy is a great choice for flooring in bathrooms due to its durability, ease of cleaning and resistance against slipping – making it an ideal option for wet areas. It remains strong even with moisture present and thus provides the bathroom with a slip-resistant surface that keeps everyone safe.

Can you epoxy over shower tile?

Yes, you can epoxy over shower tile with proper preparation and industrial-grade epoxy resin coating materials. It can give new life to the surface.

How long does epoxy last in the bathroom?

Epoxy flooring for bathrooms can provide a durable surface that endures up to 20 years when properly installed in residences. This longevity is due to the superior quality of epoxy compared with traditional types of indoor floor coverings.

What is epoxy flooring?

Epoxy flooring is a highly durable coating applied to prepped concrete, creating a chemically bonded protective barrier over the surface.

How is epoxy flooring maintained in a bathroom?

For effective maintenance of epoxy flooring in a bathroom, regular mopping with mild cleaner and water is recommended. Applying a glaze coat or wax polish may be done occasionally to enhance its luster while protecting the surface from damage over time.

 

 

an outdoor kitchen renovation

What To Focus On If You’re Renovating Your Home To Sell

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

When renovating to sell a house (flipping) there are some key things to consider that need to be performed to gain the maximum return from your investment.

In this article, we will highlight a few tasks that we have found to maximise the sale price when listing the property for sale once the renovation has been completed.

External Features Of The Home

Starting from the outside of the house rendering has become a real game changer to the overall look of a home.  In the 70’s and 80’s exposed red, brown, and cream bricks were all the trends.  Today people are opting for rendering and having this painted (see image on this page).  The cost of doing the front of an average home in Adelaide starts from $15,000 which includes painting and scaffold hire.  The advantage of using products from the Dulux range is that these come with a colour already mixed in with the product, which minimises the painting procedure.

Backyard

In the back yard if there is enough room a concrete tiled swimming pool is a must-have along with an outdoor entertaining area to compliment the swimming pool.  The outdoor entertaining area should incorporate a kitchen, fridge, heater, BBQ (connected to natural gas) and television (see image on this page).  When you are renovating to maximise your buyer’s market outdoor living will certainly give you more buyer reach.

Established gardens create a sense of lush enjoyable spaces.  Automated irrigation allows the grass and plants to take care of themselves and once again create a feeling of high-end landscaping.  Some very cool products from Hunter allow blue tooth control of the watering systems which allows simple programming and ease of turning on and off when the ground moisture levels are too high or low.

Exposed aggregate concrete paths and driveways make a real statement when potential purchasers visit the home.  Everyone knows concrete costs a lot of money and exposed aggregate concrete is even more.  So, if the budget allows then this is another big must-have item, if possible, to put it in the budget for your renovation.

Bathrooms

Moving inside the house there are also a few must-do items as well.  Starting with the bathrooms, floor-to-ceiling wall tiles are favoured, but they will put a dent in the costs, and they will give a true luxury feeling.  Clear shower screens create a sense of open space and huge freestanding baths.  These 3 items will set your bathroom apart from others.

The Kitchen

In the kitchen electric induction cooktops are on trend along with butler pantries.  The butler’s pantry does not need to be huge, just large enough to accommodate another area for prep and storage.  The size of the cooktop is typically 90cm these days (see image on this page).  You will see many under-bench ovens are 90cm in size as well.  It is important to make these decisions early into the renovation as the electric induction cooktops will require a dedicated power supply with its circuit breaker rated to a minimum of 32 amps and its isolation switch mounted on the splashback close to the appliance.

High ceilings create a sense of the space so if possible , creating the highest ceiling as possible is preferable.  Many of our clients are opting not to install cornices and instead using square sets to give the feeling of more height inside a room.  Neutral colours are another go-to so as not to offend anyone.

In this article, we have highlighted a handful of the items that we have seen many of our clients excel with the sale of their homes once we have renovated their houses for them.

cost of granny flats

What Does It Cost To Build A Granny Flat?

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

The cost to construct a granny flat varies widely, depending on numerous factors that should be carefully examined before embarking on this endeavor. Average prices for these secondary housing units see substantial variation, influenced by the complexity of the design, the materials selected, and local construction regulations. Custom granny flats may lead to greater expenses, as they often require unique architectural designs and premium materials. Additionally, the price of your own granny, may be affected by the specific characteristics of the build site, such as ease of access, land slope, and pre-existing structures.

A comprehensive financial breakdown should include not just the costs of materials and labor, but also expenses related to preparing the site, obtaining necessary permits, connecting utilities, and any relevant local fees. This detailed overview serves as a foundation for understanding the financial outlay needed to construct a granny flat on your property and acts as a strategic point of reference for budget planning.

Key Takeaways

  • Constructing a granny flat entails several variables that impact the total cost. Key elements include the dimensions of the unit, selected style, construction materials, area of the country, and unique characteristics of the site.
  • A comprehensive financial review is vital in planning for the construction of a granny flat. This assessment must consider both the national standards and details unique to a personalised build. Labor expenses often represent a significant portion of the overall cost. Other expenditures, like municipal council fees and the other costs involved to connect utilities, may also add to the final amount.
  • Nevertheless, with strategic planning and cost-saving measures, building a granny flat can be a manageable and economically rewarding endeavor.

Below is a very informative video on granny flat costs:

Understanding Granny Flats

Before exploring the financial aspects of constructing a granny flat, it is important to comprehend that granny flat prices and a self-contained living space are usually situated on the grounds of a larger family home.

The cost to build a granny flat includes several key components, such as site preparation, which establishes the foundation for construction of main house. Securing council approval is a significant step, guaranteeing the secondary dwelling adheres to local regulations and zoning requirements.

Construction expenses cover a detailed tally of materials, labor, and design costs. Careful planning and execution of these elements are paramount in creating a functional and compliant granny flat. Each aspect must be carefully considered to avoid unexpected costs and stay within financial limits. Also see our article on the cost of a bathroom renovation.

National Average Prices

With an understanding of all the materials and various factors that impact the construction of a granny flat, we turn our focus to the associated costs.

On average, building such a dwelling typically runs between $135,000 and $190,000 (Based on Australian national averages). These figures encompass the myriad expenses involved in the building process, which includes development approval, securing building materials, and labor costs.

The estimates provided are for standard dimensions and finishes of granny flats and presuppose adherence to existing building codes and regulations. Notably, expenditures can vary greatly depending on design complexity, choice of material quality, and specific development approval requirements in the chosen area, which may push the final cost above the higher estimate for highly specialized or extensively customised constructions.

Custom Build Considerations

While standard granny flat constructions come with set price ranges, opting for a custom build introduces a host of variables that can significantly influence the overall cost. Custom built granny flats allow for personalisation that aligns with specific preferences and site constraints, but they also necessitate a clear understanding of the numerous factors affecting building costs. Professional advice is essential to navigate the intricacies of planning permission, council fees, and regulatory compliance.

ConsiderationImpact on Cost
Design ComplexityIncreases costs
Material QualityVariable effect
Professional AdviceEnsures compliance, may increase initial cost
Council Fees & PermitsMandatory, varies by location
Site-specific ChallengesCan significantly alter budget

In-depth planning and strategic decision-making are crucial to manage the financial implications of a custom granny flat project.

What Influences Cost

The expenses involved in building a granny flat are shaped by elements such as dimensions, intricacy of design, and material selection. Construction of such a dwelling must comply with local council rules, potentially adding to costs through various fees. Foundation specifications, such as the choice between piers and a concrete slab, also have a significant influence on the final price made. Opting for high-quality materials can raise the investment due to their impact on longevity and visual appeal.

The skill of the building company is also important. Their ability to manage regulatory demands, obtain materials, and carry out the build can either reduce spending or lead to unexpected increases. A comprehensive evaluation of the project should consider these factors to predict an accurate budget.

Site Preparation Expenses

The impact of site preparation expenses on the total cost for constructing a granny flat can be considerable. These costs play a pivotal role in determining the project’s overall affordability and viability. Site preparation encompasses several tasks vital for establishing a firm and appropriate foundation for the new construction. A detailed breakdown follows:

  1. Clearing and Levelling: The financial outlay for removing vegetation, rubble, and making the terrain even might be significant, based on the land’s condition before any work is done.
  2. Soil Testing and Grading: A professional assessment of the soil assures that the land is fit for building, which may prevent expensive complications later on. Additional work might be necessary to ensure proper water runoff.
  3. Access and Infrastructure: Setting up suitable entry points for construction machinery and installing essential services such as water and electricity contributes to the site’s initial outlay.

Builders of granny flats need to consider these aspects diligently. Neglecting them can result in escalated landscaping expenses and unforeseen costs that could broaden the project’s original scope. Adequate site preparation is imperative for the long-term stability and security of the granny flat.

Material Selection Impact

Choosing materials is a primary factor influencing the cost of granny flat construction. Different types and qualities can cause significant variations in expenses. The impact of material selection is broad, affecting not just the initial cost but also the sustainability and ongoing maintenance expenses.

When selecting materials, builders and homeowners should weigh durability against cost-effectiveness. Opting for high-quality materials may lead to higher initial expenses, but they often offer greater resilience. On the other hand, the most economical choices might minimize the initial cost, yet could incur greater maintenance expenses as time goes on.

Careful selection of materials is key to managing the total construction costs of a granny flat. We have a great article on the cement sheet vs plasterboard.

Permit and Regulation Fees

The need to secure appropriate permits and meet local regulations also plays a major role in the project’s final costs. Prospective builders need to allocate funds for:

  1. Local Council Application Fees: These charges for submitting a development application can differ based on the jurisdiction, taking into account the size and intricacy of the custom-built granny flat.
  2. Compliance with Council Requirements: With different rules in various municipalities, there are assorted charges for inspections, reviewing plans, and possible zoning changes.
  3. Permit and Regulation Expenses: These required payments ensure that the dwelling complies with all building codes and safety norms, which may significantly increase the overall cost.

Careful planning and deep understanding of the specific rules of the area are necessary to navigate these financial considerations.

Standard Inclusions Variance

Permit costs and regulatory fees play a significant role in the total expense of constructing a granny flat. Variations in standard inclusions among builders can have an equally substantial effect on the overall cost of a kit granny flat. Prospective builders must carefully compare the standard inclusions when assessing quotes for granny flats.

These differences may include a range of materials, finishes, and construction methods. For example, flat pack granny flats and kit options often come with a basic package that might not cover essential items like floor coverings, light fixtures, and at times, windows. Such exclusions can lead to additional expenditures, escalating the end price.

It is important for individuals to examine precisely what the base price of their chosen granny flat includes. This is to assure financial readiness and prevent going over their budget.

Resale Value Factors

Considering the significant investment required to construct a granny flat, homeowners must evaluate how such an addition will impact the resale value of their property. Resale value factors hinge on market demand and the quality of the construction.

A well-designed, custom-built granny flat can enhance the attractiveness of a home to potential buyers, particularly those with extended family members who may reside with them. Conversely, the reduction of backyard space might deter buyers looking for ample outdoor living areas.

The key to optimising a granny flat’s value is ensuring it complements the existing property and meets high construction standards. Strategic planning and execution can thus not only serve immediate functional needs of rental property but also strengthen the property’s financial potential in the real estate market.

Construction Cost Reduction

Homeowners seeking to reduce the investment in granny flat construction can significantly benefit from strategic cost-saving measures. Working with builders who are experienced in lowering construction expenses is important. These experts take into account various factors to decrease overall costs without sacrificing quality.

Smart design choices, such as an efficient layout minimizing wasted space, can cut down on materials and workmanship costs. Choosing economical materials that comply with building regulations can also have a notable impact.

Careful planning and smart procurement strategies can help avoid unnecessary spending. Homeowners can find a balance between cost-effectiveness and creating a compliant, appealing granny flat by employing these methods.

Eligibility and Council Approval

Constructing a granny flat involves following specific rules, which include meeting certain eligibility criteria and obtaining the local council regulations and approvals that differ depending on the location. Those looking to build must collaborate with their local councils to understand the intricacies of zoning and adherence to regulations.

Consider the following:

  1. In New South Wales, the law requires that a property be at least 450 square meters to be considered suitable for constructing an additional dwelling.
  2. South Australia presents its own set of stipulations, potentially involving aspects like how far the structure must be from the property line and its effect on adjacent homes.
  3. How close the granny flat is to the main residence plays a pivotal role, influencing the permissible dimensions and siting of the auxiliary unit.

Builders need to confirm their eligibility and gain council consent before moving forward, to ensure their project is in line with the area’s planning policies and construction standards.

Size and Design Affect

It’s to recognize that the size and complexity of its design are key factors driving construction costs. As living space increases or design complexity elevates, granny flat builders must incorporate more materials and labor, which invariably elevates the expenditure. Materials such as brick veneer, while aesthetically pleasing and durable, can substantially increase the budget. Costs vary depending on the choices made during the design phase.

FactorImpact on Cost
SizeLarger footprint elevates material and labor costs
DesignComplex designs necessitate advanced construction techniques
MaterialHigh-end materials such as brick veneer increase overall expense

Granny flat construction is not a one-size-fits-all endeavor; meticulous planning and design choices significantly influence the cost.

Additional Expenses

When setting a budget for a granny flat, it’s important to consider various extra expenses that extend beyond the initial construction costs. These can typically include:

  1. Permitting and Legal Fees: Acquiring the necessary building permits and ensuring adherence to local guidelines is a must. Expenses can fluctuate greatly depending on the area and the project’s intricacy.
  2. Utility Connections: Account for the cost of extending essential services such as water, electricity, gas, and sewage systems to the new dwelling. This will require both skilled labor and materials, potentially involving expert contractors.
  3. Landscaping and Exterior Work: Set aside funds for outdoor features like pathways, fences, and planting areas, which enhance both the functionality and visual appeal of the granny flat.

Careful planning and precise budgeting for each category are vital to prevent unexpected cost overruns.

Popular Questions

Below you can see some of the common we get asked.

How Does the Addition of a Granny Flat Impact My Property’s Insurance Premiums?

Adding a granny flat can lead to higher insurance premiums because of increased replacement costs and the extra liability risks from having another extra living space on your property.

Can I Legally Build a Two-Story Granny Flat, and What Additional Considerations Does This Entail?

To lawfully erect a two-story granny flat, compliance with local zoning regulations and construction codes is necessary. This process may require extra structural evaluations, careful consideration of neighbors’ privacy, and might incur increased expenses owing to the complexity of the architectural design.

What Are the Environmental Sustainability Options for Granny Flat Construction, and How Might They Affect the Cost?

Incorporating eco-friendly practices into granny flat construction, such as installing solar panels, using efficient insulation, and setting up rainwater harvesting systems, may lead to higher initial expenses. Despite this, they can result in long-term financial savings and contribute positively to the environment.

How Does the Construction of a Granny Flat Affect My Neighbors, and What Are My Obligations to Inform or Involve Them in the Process?

Building a granny flat can influence your neighbors by introducing more noise, diminishing their privacy, and altering the surrounding infrastructure. Property owners need to comply with local zoning laws and could be obligated to involve neighboring residents as part of obtaining permissions.

Are There Any Government Grants or Incentives Available for Building Granny Flats That Cater to Specific Populations, Such as the Elderly or Individuals With Disabilities?

Government support in the form of grants or incentives for constructing granny flats can differ from one area to another, with a focus on promoting suitable living spaces for seniors or individuals with disabilities. To ascertain eligibility, it’s advised to consult with local governing bodies.

Final Points

Building a granny flat involves various factors that influence the overall expense. These factors include the unit’s size, chosen design, materials used, the geographical location, and the specific conditions of the building site.

Conducting a detailed financial analysis is necessary when planning to build a granny flat. This analysis should take into account both national averages and the particulars of a custom build. It is important to consider the cost of labor, which is a prominent part of the total expense. Additionally, other costs such as local council fees and the price of connecting utilities can increase the overall granny flat cost.

However, through strategic financial planning and implementing measures to save costs, constructing a granny flat can be a manageable and profitable project.

an example of a granny flat in Adelaide

Current Trends With Granny Flats Across Adelaide

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

As each year passes so do the current trends and new trends come along.  Looking back on 2023 and forward into 2024 there are still some popular preferences that our clients are selecting when choosing to renovate their homes, bathrooms, kitchens and build a Granny flat.

What we are going to do in this article is now provide you with a few trends and design ideas we have recently used/using in our Adelaide building projects across the state:

  • In a Granny flat you will only have one bathroom and typically it will not include a bath.  Majority of our clients are opting for floor to ceiling wall tiles and floor tiles with a mosaic/terrazzo style pattern on them.  The advantage of floor to ceiling wall tiles is that it creates a sense of more space, which is ideal in a Granny flat.
  • Back to wall toilets are more compact than the older style toilet suites and if the customers budget allows, we are using in wall toilet cisterns to create even more space in a small bathroom.  Rimless toilet suites also provide a better standard of hygiene.  Dual flush toilet cisterns that deliver 3/4.5L of water to the toilet bowl allow for a more water conservative approach when water consumption is considered.
  • Kitchens are still very important in a Granny flat.  We are still able to achieve the installation of dishwashers, double bowl sinks and water filtration set ups.  The ovens are limited to 60cm in size along with the cook tops also at 60cm.  If the property has natural gas or bottled propane connected to it, we can extend the gas line and utilise this for the customer to have hot water and cooking fixtures which use gas.  If, however this is not the case we will use induction cook tops partnered with electric fan forced ovens.
  • External cladding trends are constantly changing.  Gone are the days of just using traditional brick walls as our customers have access to a wider range of choices.  What we are using a lot of today in Adelaide is light weight construction products such as Hebel blocks, foam panelling and other light weight products from the James Hardy range (as per images on page).  All these products can be either rendered or painted to suit the client’s choices.
  • Colours in bathrooms and kitchens is another area where trends have changed significantly.  Looking back 10 years ago majority of kitchens and bathrooms were white/cream with chrome finishes.  Today we are seeing navy blue (as per image on page), forest green, brushed nickel and rose gold (as per image on page).  Sinks are a variety of these colours and rangehoods and fridges are made in orange, green and purple.
  • Energy efficiency is still high on the list of customer’s requirements along with council requirements.  How we are achieving this is by using insulation with higher R values, double glazed windows, roof ventilation, LED lighting, solar electrical panels and quality brands of reverse cycle ducted heating and cooling such as Daikin, Mitsubishi, and Fujitsu.

As mentioned early in this section external cladding such as Hebel blocks and foam panel have extremely high R ratings in comparison to bricks.  These light weight building products do not take on the external weather temperatures as easily as bricks and nor do they retain the temperatures for long periods of time.

With discussions under way at the start at of October this year for the South Australian government to lift restrictions on the use of Granny Flats to ease the rental crisis our phones have been buzzing with enquiries.  The combination of continual increases in interest rates and the housing shortage across Adelaide this will create a small solution to the problem and allow home owners to make a small amount of additional income to help assist with rising costs of living pressures.

If this restriction on the use of Granny flats does lift, then 2024 will be a busy year for the Mayfair Building Group and building Granny flats across Adelaide.

Did you know that the Mayfair Building Group service the Adelaide Hills, Fleurieu Peninsula and McLaren Vale as well as all metropolitan Adelaide suburbs?  Contact us today to discuss your exciting new project on 0429361819.

updating your kitchen floor

There Are Other Ways To Update Your Bathroom Tiles Without Removing Them!

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

Revamping kitchen floors often involves cumbersome tile removal, but now there are innovative methods that allow for updates without the need to remove your old tiles.

This guide covers options such as vinyl overlays, grout renewal, and specialized coatings. We will look at practical, cost-effective solutions that promise aesthetic enhancement and minimal disturbance, perfect for those wanting a new look without a full renovation.

Discover how to transform your kitchen flooring with ease and efficiency.

Points To Note

  • The strategies described offer homeowners inventive and practical methods for updating kitchen floor tiles without the need for removal. Approaches such as applying vinyl overlays, refreshing grout, and using strategic coverings are cost-efficient and customizable options that improve the appearance of kitchen spaces.
  • Employing these strategies will result in minimal disruption and support a swift change from outdated flooring to attractive surfaces that complement contemporary kitchen styles.

Even though this video is from the USA but, it’s actually has some good ideas.

 

Assessing the Situation

Evaluate the condition of your existing kitchen floor tiles to determine the most suitable update method without removal.

Start by checking the tiles for any cracks, chips, or significant wear that might affect the adhesion of new surface treatments. If the existing tiles are stable, consider using paint specifically formulated to bond with ceramic or porcelain surfaces, ensuring a long-lasting finish.

To refresh grout lines, use a strong grout cleaner to eliminate accumulated dirt and stains, bringing back the original color and preventing further decay.

For a broader change, covering tiles with a new material like vinyl flooring offers an extra layer of design while keeping the underlying tiles intact. Precise measurement and cutting are important for a seamless installation.

Vinyl Flooring Installation

After assessing the stability and condition of your existing kitchen tiles, you can choose vinyl flooring as a versatile and waterproof option that installs directly over your old tiles.

The process involves cleaning the existing floor to ensure the vinyl sticks properly. When selecting new flooring, consider the thickness of the vinyl to manage height differences at thresholds.

To install, measure the area precisely, and cut the vinyl to fit the space, leaving a slight excess which can be trimmed off later. Position the vinyl carefully, gradually peeling back the adhesive layer to cover the existing tiles. Use a roller to eliminate air pockets and ensure a strong adherence between the vinyl and the tiles underneath.

Utilizing Rugs and Carpets

Incorporating rugs and carpets is a simple yet effective approach for revamping the look of old kitchen floor tiles without needing to remove them. By strategically positioning rugs or using modular carpet tiles, homeowners can conceal unsightly tiles and introduce a touch of modernity or a warm atmosphere to the area.

This strategy does not only improve the look of existing floors but also adds a layer of comfort underfoot. When choosing a covering, opt for materials that are robust and simple to maintain, considering the kitchen’s high chance of spills.

The adaptability of carpet tiles permits personalization and straightforward swapping of sections when needed, while larger rugs can create a consistent appearance across a wider space.

This method is both practical and economical for refreshing kitchen floor tile designs.

Laminated Wooden Flooring

Transitioning to laminated wooden flooring offers a durable and aesthetically pleasing solution to update kitchen floor tiles without the need for removal. This method involves installing wooden cladding over existing flooring, effectively hiding outdated or worn tile floors.

Laminated flooring, known for its resemblance to natural wood, is produced by bonding synthetic materials with a laminate finish, making it a practical choice for indoor areas.

As a less expensive option compared to traditional hardwood, laminated flooring provides cost savings without sacrificing style. When updating kitchen tiles, this approach reduces labor and material costs, as it avoids the need to dismantle the existing tile work.

Laminated wooden flooring is also lightweight, easy to maintain, and brings a sense of warmth to the kitchen’s overall design.

Epoxy Coating Application

Applying an epoxy coating offers homeowners a long-lasting and visually attractive option to update their kitchen floor tiles without the need to remove them. This method involves a series of steps that cover old tiles with specialized tile paint, giving a new, glossy surface. Epoxy coating application demands meticulous preparation and precision to ensure a lasting and even outcome.

  • Surface Preparation: Clean the kitchen floor meticulously to eliminate any grease, dirt, or previous sealers that might hinder the epoxy’s adhesion.
  • Epoxy Mixing: Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines to mix the epoxy resin and hardener for the right consistency and durability.
  • Application: Spread the epoxy coating uniformly over the old tiles, using a roller or brush made for epoxy paint to get a glossy and even surface.

 

Deep Cleaning Tile Grout

A homeowner’s guide to deep cleaning tile grout includes using specialized cleaners or a combination of baking soda and vinegar to effectively lift accumulated dirt and bring back the grout’s bright color. This detailed process is vital for upholding the look and cleanliness of ceramic tile floors.

To carry out a complete clean:

  • Spread a grout-specific cleaning agent or create a mix of baking soda and water, then spritz with vinegar.
  • Employ a stiff-bristled brush to rigorously scrub the grout lines, making sure to clear away all trapped dirt.
  • Wash the area with fresh water and dry well to avoid any leftover residue or dampness from getting back into the grout pores.

This careful method ensures that the deep cleaning of grout aids in an overall refreshed look of the flooring.

Applying Tile Stickers

For homeowners wanting a swift and economical method to update their space, tile stickers are an inventive option to refresh kitchen floors without removing the old ones. These sticky overlays are made to attach to your existing floor tiles, providing an instant makeover to any kitchen backsplash or floor area. The application demands precise cleaning of the current tiles for a strong grip and exact alignment of the stickers to achieve a cohesive look.

Step Detail Tips
Surface Preparation Clean and dry the existing floor tiles Use gentle detergent; avoid leaving soap residue
Alignment Measure and plan sticker layout Use a ruler for exact positioning
Application Peel and stick onto the current tiles Use a flat tool to press out air bubbles
Finishing Touches Cut off extra material A sharp blade will ensure neat edges
Maintenance Clean regularly with a soft cloth Stay away from strong cleaners to maintain stickiness

Following these instructions, you can refresh your kitchen tiles with tile stickers effectively, giving your space a renewed appearance with little interruption.

Painting Kitchen Tiles

Painting kitchen tiles is an alternative method for refreshing your kitchen floor’s appearance without the need to remove existing tiles. This option not only reduces time spent but also gives homeowners the opportunity to express their individual style in their home.

Consider the following when deciding to paint your floor tiles:

  • Proper Surface Preparation: Make sure tiles are cleaned, repaired, and primed before applying paint to ensure strong adhesion and a beautiful finish.
  • High-Quality Tile Paint: Choose specialty paints specifically made for tile use, which are durable enough to handle the activity of kitchen floors.
  • Sealing the Paint: Use a clear urethane topcoat to shield the paint from moisture, scratches, and stains, which helps maintain the fresh look for an extended period.

 

Using Contact Paper

Shifting from reinvigorating grout lines, another inventive method to refresh kitchen tiles without removal is using contact paper. This adaptable, temporary adhesive material can mimic an array of finishes and designs. Contact paper can swiftly alter the appearance of your kitchen floor to complement the style of your countertop and cabinets, presenting an economical and speedy makeover.

  • Natural Stone Appearance: Contact paper is available in styles that replicate the look of natural stone, offering an upscale appearance without the expense and effort involved with real stone installation.
  • Vinyl-Like Durability: High-quality contact paper can mirror the appearance of premium vinyl flooring, providing a resilient surface that endures the activity of a kitchen.
  • Harmonizing Styles: Contact paper comes in a broad selection of designs, making it simple to match with your current kitchen theme, whether it’s contemporary or traditional.

Wood and Metal Paneling

For homeowners wanting to give their kitchen floors an elegant update, wood and metal paneling are contemporary choices that can be installed over existing tiles. Wood brings a cozy touch, adding warmth and natural texture, while metal paneling creates an industrial vibe with clean lines and reflective surfaces. These options not only refresh the kitchen’s look but also enhance its durability.

Emotion Evoked Paneling Choice
Warmth Natural Wood
Modernity Brushed Metal
Elegance Polished Metal
Comfort Distressed Wood
Boldness Corrugated Metal

When selecting wood or metal paneling, preparing the existing tile surface for proper adhesion is important. Both materials need accurate measurement and cutting to ensure a seamless installation. Always take the overall kitchen design into account to create a cohesive look.

Why Update Your Tiles?

Updating floor tiles without removing them not only enhances the kitchen’s look with wood or metal paneling but also offers significant savings and less interference with everyday activities. This method is especially advantageous for homeowners aiming to revitalize their space without the extensive and messy procedure of tile replacement. Here are some practical advantages:

  • Cost Efficiency: Skips the cost of purchasing new tiles and the labor for their removal and installation.
  • Time-Saving: Cuts out the prolonged period needed for tile removal, enabling a quicker makeover.
  • Less Mess: Minimizes the dust and debris usually linked with tile replacement, which helps to maintain a tidier home during the renovation.

Choosing to update tiles without removing them allows homeowners to revamp their living space with reduced trouble and financial outlay.

 

Kitchen Remodel Planning

When planning a kitchen remodel, it is important to measure the scope of work, especially when you intend to update the floor tiles without removal. This ensures that the design and budget are in line with the renovation goals.

A comprehensive plan should include consideration of alternative materials and new techniques that can refresh the kitchen’s look without needing extensive demolition. Here are some practical points to consider:

  • Evaluating the existing floor condition: Check whether the concrete base is stable or if any repairs are necessary before adding new materials.
  • Selection of materials: Choose high-quality, durable wallpapers or vinyl that are suitable for kitchen use, and can withstand areas with high moisture levels.
  • Design integration: Make sure that the updates you choose will blend well with the current kitchen cabinetry and fixtures, to create a uniform look.

Popular Questions

 

Can Updating Floor Tiles Without Removal Address Issues of Uneven or Damaged Tile Surfaces?

Updating damaged or uneven tile surfaces often requires removal, but specific resurfacing products might offer a leveled layer, though with some constraints based on how severe the underlying damage is. Seeking professional advice is recommended.

How Do I Ensure That the New Surface Treatment, Such as Stickers or Paint, Adheres Properly to Glossy or Glazed Tile Finishes?

To ensure a new surface treatment such as stickers or paint adheres properly to glossy or glazed tile finishes, clean the surface completely and gently sand it to create a rougher texture. Then apply primers that are specifically made for non-porous surfaces before adding the new treatment.

Are There Any Specific Precautions to Take When Updating Kitchen Floor Tiles Around Appliances and Plumbing Fixtures?

When updating floor tiles near appliances and plumbing fixtures, make sure the surfaces are clean and moisture-free. Be careful to prevent water damage or electrical problems. Adhere to the instructions provided by the manufacturers for materials that will be near heat sources.

How Does Foot Traffic and the Weight of Kitchen Furniture Affect the Longevity of Non-Removal Tile Update Methods?

High levels of foot traffic and the substantial weight of kitchen furniture can cause increased deterioration of surface treatments, making it necessary to use robust solutions like top-quality vinyl or epoxy coatings for updates to tiles that do not require removal.

What Are the Environmental Considerations to Keep in Mind When Choosing Materials for Updating Kitchen Tiles Without Removing Them?

When choosing materials for updating kitchen tiles without removing them, opt for environmentally friendly alternatives that reduce waste, like recyclable vinyl or biodegradable glues. Select products with low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to maintain good indoor air quality during the application process.

Final Points

The methods discussed provide homeowners with inventive and practical ways to update kitchen floor tiles without removing them. Techniques such as vinyl overlays, grout renewal, and strategic coverings are cost-effective and customizable solutions that enhance the look of kitchen spaces.

Using these methods will cause minimal interruption and allow for a quick transformation of old flooring into attractive surfaces that suit modern kitchen designs.

choosing bathroom tiles

Choosing Tiles For Your Bathroom – Tips & Ideas

Posted by Aaron Stewart on

Selecting the appropriate bathroom tiles can significantly improve both the visual appeal and usefulness of your space. This guide gives a comprehensive analysis of various tile types, their traits, and their appropriateness for different bathroom designs.

We provide tactical advice on tile upkeep, positioning, colour choice, and quality considerations.

The goal of this resource is to simplify the tile selection process, assisting you in creating a well-balanced mix of style and functionality in your bathroom.

Points To Note

  • Selecting bathroom tiles requires a thorough comprehension of various styles, constraints, and upkeep needs. The decision should harmonize aesthetics and functionality, considering elements such as quality, hue, maintenance, and strategic positioning.
  • A carefully considered tile choice can drastically boost the overall atmosphere and functionality of a bathroom, turning it into a personalized retreat that mirrors the homeowner’s style and fulfills their practical demands.

Even though this video is from Bunnings, it’s actually a pretty good start for choosing your bathroom tiles.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPDCgaeZO3o

Understanding Different Bathroom Styles

Your choice of bathroom style significantly impacts the overall design, and it’s an important step in any bathroom renovation.

Gaining knowledge about different bathroom styles can help you choose tiles that match your desired aesthetic. For example, a minimalist style may prefer neutral, large-format tiles to forge a sleek and modern area. Also see our article on tiles for kitchens and bathrooms.

On the other hand, a vintage style might favor smaller, patterned tiles to evoke a sense of nostalgia. Also, a spa-like bathroom might use natural stone tiles to create a tranquil ambiance.

Each style has its unique charm, mirroring individual tastes and preferences in its unique manner.

Limiting Your Tile Choices

Limiting your tile options is an important step in the tile selection process. This is key in maintaining a harmonious and balanced look that aligns with the bathroom style you have chosen.

When starting to choose tiles for your new bathroom, you may be enticed to select a variety at the tile store. But, it’s vital to limit your options for a unified look. Having too many tile types, colors, or sizes can lead to visual confusion.

Set a primary type and color of bathroom tiles, then select one or two accent tiles to add visual interest. Also, ponder over tile size. Bigger tiles can give the illusion of a larger bathroom, while smaller tiles can provide texture to a large bathroom.

This method narrows down your options and assures a cohesive design.

Shower Space Tile Selection

Selecting the right tiles for your shower space is an important aspect of your tile selection process. This part of the bathroom often serves as a centerpiece and needs thoughtful evaluation. The tiles chosen for the shower should not only be visually appealing, but also durable and appropriate for areas frequently exposed to water.

  1. Slip-Resistance: It’s wise to select tiles with a high slip-resistance rating to avoid accidents.
  2. Durability: Opt for tiles that can endure constant exposure to water, soap, and cleaning substances.
  3. Size and Color: Bigger, light-hued tiles can enhance the shower space, making it seem larger and brighter.

Always ensure that your chosen shower space tiles blend well with the overall bathroom tile design, resulting in a balanced and attractive appearance.

Choosing Quality Bathroom Tiles

When it comes to the upkeep of bathroom tiles, it’s also important to account for the quality during the selection stage. On your journey to select bathroom tiles that mirror your style and fit your needs, ponder the following points:

  1. Tile Materials: The most suitable tile for your bathroom will hinge on your financial plan and style desires. Porcelain and ceramic are favorites due to their robustness and wide array of designs.
  2. Water Absorption Rate: Top-notch bathroom tiles possess a minimal water absorption rate, which makes them resistant to moisture and stains.
  3. Tile Hardness: Tiles are classified based on their resilience to wear and tear. For bathrooms, choose tiles with a high hardness rating to ensure their longevity.

Preparing for tiling a bathroom

Types of Bathroom Tiles

After examining tile quality, let’s now focus on the different kinds of bathroom tiles available for purchase.

Wall tiles, usually ceramic or porcelain, offer a cleanable, moisture-resistant surface perfect for bathrooms. Ceramic tiles are favored because of their longevity and wide variety of styles and colors.

Porcelain tiles, denser and better at resisting water, are an excellent choice for flooring.

Natural stone tiles like marble or granite present a luxurious, organic appeal but necessitate consistent sealing to ward off water damage.

Mosaic tiles, crafted from glass, ceramic, or stone, contribute a decorative element, perfect for crafting feature walls or shower niches.

Understanding Slip Wear Ratings

Understanding slip wear ratings is essential when selecting bathroom tiles. These ratings provide insight into the tile’s slip resistance and its applicability in different scenarios.

  1. The PEI (Porcelain Enamel Institute) rating system is a widely accepted method to gauge a tile’s capacity to handle foot traffic. Tiles that possess a higher PEI rating exhibit higher durability and wear resistance, making them apt for areas with high foot traffic.
  2. The DCOF (Dynamic Coefficient of Friction) is another significant rating that specifies the tile’s slip resistance. A DCOF value of 0.42 or more is deemed safe for damp zones such as bathrooms.
  3. Certain tiles, such as porcelain floor tiles, usually boast a high PEI and DCOF rating. This makes them a preferred selection for bathroom floor tiles due to their durability and slip resistance.

Deciding on Tile Size

Transitioning from the evaluation of slip wear ratings, it’s equally significant to ponder over the size of the bathroom tiles.

For compact bathrooms, tinier tiles can help maintain proportion and prevent the space from appearing overcrowded.

Large format tiles are perfect for extensive bathrooms, offering a sleek, modern charm. They can also be utilized in compact bathrooms to create a perception of a larger space, as they have fewer grout lines which can visually congest the room.

The secret is to harmonize the tile size with the bathroom space, ensuring it enhances rather than overpowers.

Whether you choose tinier tiles or large format tiles, bear in mind that your selection can greatly impact the overall aesthetic of your bathroom.

Keep in mind size may also be determined if it’s a brand new bathroom, or a renovation where tiles may have been removed previously.

Colour Rules for Tiles

Moving on from size aspects, the hue of bathroom tiles becomes a key factor which significantly influences the overall look and atmosphere of the area. There are countless colour options available for bathroom tiles, enabling high-level personalisation in your interior aesthetics.

  1. Neutral hues: These are frequently chosen to achieve an enduring, classic aesthetic. They bring about a sense of peace and tranquility, making them a favored selection for bathrooms.
  2. Bold hues: These can aid in crafting a lively and dynamic space, but should be utilized judiciously to prevent visual overload.
  3. Complementary hues: The appropriate mix of colour shades can boost the overall aesthetics, generating a balanced and visually pleasing bathroom environment.

Considerations in Tile Selection

When selecting tiles for your bathroom, there are several key factors to keep in mind to ensure you make the best choice.

  1. Material: The type of material used for bathroom tiles is a significant factor in their lifespan and maintenance. Porcelain and ceramic tiles are often chosen for their resistance to water and durability.
  2. Size and Shape: The tiles’ size and shape can greatly influence the visual perception of your bathroom. For instance, bigger tiles can create an illusion of a larger space in a small bathroom.
  3. Colour and Style: Choose the colour and style of your tiles that fit well with your bathroom and overall home aesthetic.

Keep in mind that the tiles you select will influence your bathroom’s overall ambiance, so be mindful when choosing bathroom tiles.

Strategic Placement of Tiles

Many factors play a role in the strategic placement of tiles in your bathroom, having a significant impact on the overall look and functionality of the space.

The strategic positioning of tiles can create an eye-catching focal point that enhances the aesthetic appeal of the room. For example, feature walls in your shower or behind the vanity can introduce a dramatic effect.

Tiles can also be arranged horizontally or vertically on walls to influence the perception of space, giving the illusion of a larger or taller bathroom.

When picking bathroom tiles, it’s important to think about their shape and size as these aspects will shape the final design. For example, large format tiles can give the illusion of a more spacious bathroom.

To sum it up, strategic tile placement can significantly change your bathroom, making it visually attractive and practical.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Are Some Eco-Friendly Tile Options for Bathrooms?

Eco-friendly tiles that can be used in bathrooms encompass recycled ceramic, glass tiles, and natural stone. These materials are not only sustainable but also leave a minimal environmental footprint. They offer a balance of aesthetics and durability, serving as green substitutes.

How Can Personal Style Be Incorporated Into the Choice of Bathroom Tiles?

Incorporating personal style into your choice of bathroom tiles is about selecting designs, colours, and materials that align with your taste. You might think about unique patterns, striking colours, or specific tile materials that match your aesthetic preferences and lifestyle.

What Are Some Factors to Consider When Choosing Tiles for a Kid-Friendly Bathroom?

When selecting tiles for a bathroom that’s kid-friendly, you should take into account factors such as resistance to slips for safety, long-lasting durability, simplicity of cleaning for upkeep, and vibrant, joyful colours to establish a fun atmosphere for kids.

How Does Lighting Affect the Appearance of Bathroom Tiles?

The impact of lighting on the look of bathroom tiles is significant. It has the power to intensify or soften the colours of the tiles, emphasize texture and finishes, and set a certain ambiance. Proper lighting can cause tiles to seem brighter and make the room appear bigger.

What Are Some Tips for Choosing Tiles for a Bathroom Remodel on a Budget?

When you’re deciding on tiles for your bathroom remodel while staying budget-conscious, consider cost-effective alternatives such as ceramic or vinyl. It’s important to keep functionality and longevity at the forefront of your choices. Opting for universal designs can provide a timeless appeal. Always buy some extra tiles that could be used for future replacements.

Final Notes

Choosing bathroom tiles requires an extensive understanding of different styles, limitations, and maintenance requirements. The choice should strike a balance between aesthetics and functionality, taking into account factors such as quality, colour, care, and strategic placement.

A well-thought-out tile selection can significantly enhance the overall ambiance and utility of a bathroom, transforming it into a personalized sanctuary that reflects the homeowner’s style and meets their practical needs.